Study and implementation of static converters applied to renewable sources to improve the quality of electrical energy
Multilevel Converters; Grid-Connected Inverters; LCL Filter; Power Quality; Grid-Forming/Grid-Following; PS-PWM; IEEE 13-Bus System.
The increasing penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE), especially PV and wind, poses demanding stability and power-quality challenges to distribution feeders. In this setting, power electronic converters become pivotal as the interface between VRE and the grid, conditioning voltage, current, and active/reactive power according to standards. This work provides a comparative assessment of converter topologies and control/modulation strategies aimed at improving power quality at the point of common coupling (PCC). We develop a simulation framework based on the IEEE 13-bus system, coupling OpenDSS (network power flow and grid studies) with PLECS/Matlab (converter dynamic modeling), under scenarios with irradiance/wind variability and different short-circuit levels (weak grids). We evaluate two-level and multilevel (NPC and Flying Capacitor) inverters, L and LCL filters, and modulation techniques (SPWM, SVM, and PS-PWM), under both grid-following and grid-forming control. Metrics include PCC voltage/current THD, power factor, voltage profile, switching stress/losses, and dynamic response (ride-through). The contributions are threefold: (i) a comparative evaluation protocol with objective indicators; (ii) a practical LCL filter design procedure with active/passive damping; and (iii) guidelines for topology and control selection as a function of grid strength. We expect to show that multilevel arrangements, combined with suitable modulation and well-tuned inner loops, can reduce distortion, enhance voltage regulation, and comply with standards in weak-grid conditions.