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Dissertations |
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1
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MARCO ANTONIO DE CAMPOS MENEZES
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Acquisition and Validation of Electrochemical Noise Signal
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Advisor : CARLOS BARREIRA MARTINEZ
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ALEXANDRE BARATELLA LUGLI
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CARLOS BARREIRA MARTINEZ
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JOSE CARLOS GRILO RODRIGUES
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MIRIAN DE LOURDES NORONHA MOTTA MELO
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TALES CLEBER PIMENTA
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Data: Feb 17, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Corrosion is a global problem, which implies costs in industrialized countries of up to 4.5% of GDP, with either economic, but also social and environmental impacts. In the case of Brazil, the waste of water supply networks due to leaks loss is quite significant and much of it is caused by network degradation, indicating that corrosion control should be promoted whenever possible. This study proposes a corrosion monitoring system, in system subject to the use of inhibitor, with the approach of passive technique for monitoring corrosion by electrochemical noise (EN), in which the classification of events in a corrosion sensor by EN is part of methodological study for structural integrity (or “health”) monitoring system (SHM). Due to very dynamic and stochastic nature of the signal, this study and analysis of EN measurements (ENM) considers numerical and graphic characteristics of two corrosion systems both in saline aqueous solution: carbon steel and stainless steel. These experiments are repeated for accumulating data, which allow the generation of several graphs in time and frequency domains, from which at least one characteristic is extracted, which has a good correlation with data from corrosion processes. Then, based on a supervised machine learning system, the training data allows the model to be calibrated. From the test data, the correctness rate of the model above 50% is verified.
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2
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PATRICIA SILVA
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Water Vulnerability: Accidents with Road Transport of Hazardous Chemicals in Minas Gerais: Case Study BR381 stretch between Cambuí and Estiva.
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Advisor : ANA PAULA MONI SILVA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANA PAULA MONI SILVA
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BENEDITO CLAUDIO DA SILVA
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MARIA CLAUDIA COSTA DE OLIVEIRA BOTAN
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Data: Feb 22, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The large flow on the highways of Minas Gerais of trucks containing dangerous chemicals, especially fuels, and consequently their accidents are responsible for major environmental contamination of the surrounding areas. Areas bordering highways often have bodies of water that are affected by fuel spills. The water vulnerability of stretches that may be affected by road accidents is worrying for local communities and environmental agencies. The objective of this work is to carry out a multicriteria analysis based on pre-existing data with information from areas with the highest rate of accident occurrences, associating regional hydrographic and topographic characteristics, generated from Geographic Information System - GIS tools, and thus generating a water vulnerability map. The multicriteria method adopted in this study is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). As a case study, the stretch between Cambuí - MG and Estiva - MG, of the BR381 highway, was chosen. With the generated letter, pointing out the potential watercourses with high contamination vulnerability, it is expected that they can serve as a basis for taking assertive actions during the intervention of road accident occurrences involving contamination of water resources in the region and the risk management.
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3
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THIAGO SOARES CORREA
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Modernization proposal with the implementation of a data acquisition and supervision system of the Scientific Didactic Hydromechanical Laboratory (LHDC) of UNIFEI
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Advisor : OSWALDO HONORATO DE SOUZA JUNIOR
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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FREDERICO FABIO MAUAD
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GERALDO LUCIO TIAGO FILHO
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OSWALDO HONORATO DE SOUZA JUNIOR
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RAMIRO GUSTAVO RAMIREZ CAMACHO
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Data: Feb 25, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The Scientific Didactic Hydromechanical Laboratory (in Portuguese LHDC) is a multifunctional laboratory where different types of experiments can be carried out, such as pump tests, field of operation and reception of turbines tests, among others. Once the actual instrumentation of the Lab is analogic, this work was motivated with the proposal of modernizing the Scientific Didactic Hydromechanical Laboratory and developing a program for supervision and acquisition of digital data. As part of the modernization, is proposed the use of the LabView software, which will work in parallel to measurements taken analogically. The study was performed aiming the permanent implementation of electronic sensors that will make possible digital data collection of different measures, as pressures, flows, levels, temperatures, speeds, rotations, positions, electrical powers, as well as a study for the implementation of equipment to drive and operate equipment such as pump and valves. With the development of the computer program and the modernization of the LHDC, it will be possible to speed-up tests, reduce the time of experiments and provide more accurate and reliable data, as well as the implementation of a series of possible tests in scientific research and extension projects.
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4
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LUIS ALBERTO LAGE
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WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE INDUSTRY: CASE STUDY OF NUCLEAR FUEL FACTORY
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Advisor : ROBERTO ALVES DE ALMEIDA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANA PAULA MONI SILVA
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LEOPOLDO UBERTO RIBEIRO JUNIOR
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ROBERTO ALVES DE ALMEIDA
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Data: Feb 25, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The industrial sector is the 3rd largest user of water in Brazil, losing to irrigated agriculture and human supply. Among the various industrial segments, there is production of uranium dioxide, which is represented by a only public company, the Fábrica de Combustível Nuclear (FCN), located in the Hydrographyc Basin of the Paraíba do Sul, considered stressed, reason that it understands that the adoption of good water practices is interest of this company. Aiming to contribute with water management at FCN and basing on bibliographic research of theoretical works and practical related to water management in the industrial sector was proposed a management system that involves the institution of a responsible manager for the implementation of a water conservation program, whose effectiveness of the action plan can be evaluated by water performance indicators applied to the industrial plant, sectors or industrial processes that will indicate to the manager the quality of the decisions made and need for adjustments. A computerized system for register collected data and calculation of indicators called SIGAED was also developed. Thus, the objectives strokes for this dissertation were achieved and challenges to the continuity of this work were presented.
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5
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MICHEL HENRY BACELAR DE SOUZA
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Influence of superabsorbent polymer on self-compacting mortars for hydraulic projects
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Advisor : VALQUIRIA CLARET DOS SANTOS
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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CARLOS EDUARDO MARMORATO GOMES
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MIRIAN DE LOURDES NORONHA MOTTA MELO
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PAULO CESAR GONCALVES
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VALQUIRIA CLARET DOS SANTOS
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Data: Mar 3, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an innovative type of concrete that does not require vibration for compaction, being considered in the field of civil construction one of the great innovations of the sector in the last decades. In large concrete works, such as dams and hydroelectric plants, one of the problems is in the control of thermal cracking, due to the heat of hydration that originates mainly during the concrete curing process. Among the alternatives to mitigate pathological manifestations are superabsorbent polymers (SAP) that show promise in the field of engineering when added to cementitious composites. This work aims to analyze the addition of SAP as an internal curing element in self-compacting mortars (AAA), as well as its mechanical and thermal characteristics, in order to obtain an ideal proportion of the materials, so that it serves as a basis for execution. of self-compacting concrete, with a focus on structures with large volumes. In addition, this work presents a bibliometric analysis in the Scopus and Web of Science databases on the same topic, in order to facilitate the location of relevant studies for future research in this area. In this analysis, data on the number of publications, main authors and journals, most used keywords and countries that publish the most were obtained, in addition to bibliographic coupling and co-citation analyses. In the experimental program, laboratory tests were performed with AAAs with 0; 0.1 and 0.2% addition of SAP for both CPII-E-32 and CPV-ARI and part of the samples underwent a submerged cure, while another part underwent a dry cure. Among the results obtained in the laboratory, the reduction of temperature variation of the traces with the addition of SAP stands out, where it is possible to assume a possible way of mitigating the temperature peaks in concrete pieces with large volumes. On the other hand, the compression and traction tests indicated loss of strength of the mortars, with the exception of the traction test carried out for CPII-E-32, where an increase in strength was obtained with the incorporation of SAP in the mixture.
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6
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Thaís Faria Costa
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Application of the SWMM model for analysis of floods in the urban area of Itajubá - MG
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Advisor : BENEDITO CLAUDIO DA SILVA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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BENEDITO CLAUDIO DA SILVA
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IVAN FELIPE SILVA DOS SANTOS
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MARCIA VIANA LISBOA MARTINS
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Data: Apr 8, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Floods and inundations are a reality in many cities in Brazil due to intense urban expansion and disorderly land occupation. To quantify surface runoff in urban basins, understand its hydrological behavior and assess the causes of flooding, hydrological models can be used. These models help in the planning of urban space, in the evaluation of drainage control measures to be implemented and subsidize decision-making. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the applicability of the SWMM hydrological model (Storm Water Management Model) for the analysis of flooding in urban neighborhoods in the neighborhood in relation to the minimum data necessary for this type of study. For this, a case study of the Vila Rubens neighborhood, in Itajubá/MG, will be carried out to analyze the main causes of flooding and the effects of adopting some sustainable measures to control urban drainage. First, the delimitation and diagnosis of the study area were carried out. The defined hydrographic basin was characterized in relation to its physical and hydrological aspects. The study of intense rains was elaborated through analysis of the frequency of maximum precipitations, the rain disaggregation in sub-daily quantiles was carried out by the Torrico method and the temporal discretization by the Huff method to obtain the design rain for return period of 2, 5 and 10 years. Surface runoff was estimated using the CN-SCS infiltration method and the Dynamic Wave model for hydraulic transport. The current scenario of the basin was simulated and then some scenarios were defined with LID (Low Impact Development) control measures. For the three return times, the critical rainfall duration obtained in the current scenario was 30 min and the sub-basin corresponding to the Morro Chic neighborhood was the main contributor to the runoff portion. The adoption of LID measures, mainly at the source of the problem, contributed to the minimization of flooding. Despite the results of the measurements, the location of the basin, which is located in a floodplain, on very flat terrain, must be considered. The large amount of necessary input data and the uncertainties in the determination of some of them were difficulties encountered. Faced with these uncertainties, it can be said that the validation with the residents was fundamental in the application of the SWMM model to areas with little data that feed the model and without measured flow data for calibration and verification. The SWMM model proved to be suitable for this study and can be used as an urban planning tool.
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7
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DIEIMYS SANTOS RIBEIRO
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PROFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF AN AIR ELIMINATOR FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS AT THE RESIDENTIAL CONNECTION POINT
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Advisor : CARLOS BARREIRA MARTINEZ
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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CARLOS BARREIRA MARTINEZ
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EDNA MARIA DE FARIA VIANA
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FERNANDO DAS GRACAS BRAGA DA SILVA
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MARCIA VIANA LISBOA MARTINS
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PAULO CESAR GONCALVES
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REGINA MAMBELI BARROS
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Data: Apr 25, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The water supply systems in Brazil present constant events of lack of supply, which leads to the formation of air pockets in the network. At the moment the networks are put into operation these air pockets are conducted to the distribution branches and end up passing through the hydrometers. This causes the water meters to count air as water, increasing the consumers' bills, which has led to lawsuits against the sewage companies. This paper presents a survey of the efficiency of air eliminator equipment designed to be installed in water supply trestles. Given the importance of the subject, this paper seeks to analyze the efficiency of air elimination devices against bench tests that aimed to reproduce situations of the device's operation in the field. These tests contemplate pressures between 10 and 50 m.c.a., pressures that aim to reproduce the maximum and minimum pressures of the supply network according to 12218 (ABNT, 2017a). For each pressure the devices were tested with flow rates of 0.18 m3/h, 0.25 m3/h, 0.50 m3/h, 0.75 m3/h, 1.00 m3/h, 1.25 m3/h, and 1.50 m3/h, the operating hypotheses considered were water supply, after emptying the network, and diluted air in the runoff. The results obtained in the experiments with water return after a period when the system was off-line showed performance values that are directly linked to the pressure and flow requirements. Through data analysis it is possible to identify pressure and flow ranges where the equipment presents its best performance and also understand its behavior within other operation scenarios. The diluted air tests showed that the analyzed equipment cannot eliminate the air and let the diluted bubbles pass through the hydrometers. In all cases the air eliminators showed leaks under some operating conditions.
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8
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ALESSANDRO MARQUES MARTINS
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SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF FLOODING OF THE SAPUCAÍ RIVER IN THE CITY OF ITAJUBÁ-MG
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Advisor : BENEDITO CLAUDIO DA SILVA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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BENEDITO CLAUDIO DA SILVA
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LUZ ADRIANA CUARTAS PINEDA
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NIVEA ADRIANA DIAS PONS
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PAULO CESAR GONCALVES
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Data: Apr 27, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Floods cause significant damage each year, but Brazilian cities are unprepared, as many of them do not have a consolidated land use plan and may be subject to real estate speculation. Despite the damage caused by the floods, there is still no consolidated methodology to estimate the damage generated, which can support the planning and decision-making of public managers. In this way, a model was developed to estimate the damage caused by floods in homes and vehicles for the city of Itajubá-MG. Damage to homes was subdivided into three sub-items, which are: content, cleaning and building. In order to delimit the area of influence of the Sapucaí River, flood points were generated for the quotas from 844 to 848. The flood point reached 26 districts of the city of Itajubá and the damages were calculated for these districts. To perform this calculation, data from the census sectors and boundaries of the Itajubá neighborhoods and loss equations were used. The most affected neighborhoods were Varginha, Porto Velho, São Vicente, Vila Rubens and Boa Vista. The loss for the city of Itajubá for the elevation of 848 meters was R$ 1,231,506,703.77, which is equivalent to R$ 108.12 per square meter. The results are satisfactory, the damage to the building is the main component of the damage to the residences, followed by the content, vehicle and cleaning. It is concluded that the result of this dissertation can provide information at the local and regional level of the populations that need a closer look from the public power, either because they are in a situation of socioeconomic vulnerability, or because they present a high degree of exposure to flood risks.
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9
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ELOIZE ROSIENE ROSA
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Hydroelectric generation is the most widely used form of renewable energy generation in the world. In order to estimate hydroelectric energy potential, transposition of flow data is commonplace, allowing for the transfer of data from one fluviometric station to one or more potential hydroelectric point of interest. Using the relation between drainage areas is among the most used methodologies for flow transposition. In light of this, this article aims to evaluate the impact of flow data transposition through area relation on energy and economic potential for a hydroelectric dam. To do so, three sets of hydroelectric dams were used in three distinct hydrographic areas in Brazil with different distances and drainage areas between them. For each of the dams, hydrologic, energy, and economic calculations relied on permanence curve, maximum net benefit, and levelized cost of electrical energy methodologies. The results emphasize the difficulty in establishing a pattern or correlation for the deviations based on this single analysis parameter, thus indicating that the transposition methodology may lead to errors in the prospecting of hydroelectric dam energy potential.
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Advisor : IVAN FELIPE SILVA DOS SANTOS
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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GERALDO LUCIO TIAGO FILHO
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IVAN FELIPE SILVA DOS SANTOS
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MARIA CLAUDIA COSTA DE OLIVEIRA BOTAN
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REGINA MAMBELI BARROS
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Data: Jul 15, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Hydroelectric generation is the most widely used form of renewable energy generation in the world. In order to estimate hydroelectric energy potential, transposition of flow data is commonplace, allowing for the transfer of data from one fluviometric station to one or more potential hydroelectric point of interest. Using the relation between drainage areas is among the most used methodologies for flow transposition. In light of this, this article aims to evaluate the impact of flow data transposition through area relation on energy and economic potential for a hydroelectric dam. To do so, three sets of hydroelectric dams were used in three distinct hydrographic areas in Brazil with different distances and drainage areas between them. For each of the dams, hydrologic, energy, and economic calculations relied on permanence curve, maximum net benefit, and levelized cost of electrical energy methodologies. The results emphasize the difficulty in establishing a pattern or correlation for the deviations based on this single analysis parameter, thus indicating that the transposition methodology may lead to errors in the prospecting of hydroelectric dam energy potential.
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10
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IGOR GONZAGA MARTINS SANTOS
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GUARANTEED WATER WITHDRAWAL IN THE SMALL BREJO GRANDE DAM IN MINAS GERAIS
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Advisor : CARLOS BARREIRA MARTINEZ
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ALOISYO PORTUGAL MAIA SALIBA
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ADINELE GOMES GUIMARAES
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BENEDITO CLAUDIO DA SILVA
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CARLOS BARREIRA MARTINEZ
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Data: Aug 23, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Reservoirs are one of the main ways to shape the hydrological cycle by storing water for future uses. In this context, small reservoirs play a strategic role in water supply in communities around the world and especially in Brazil, since they increase water availability during the dry season. For this to happen, it is fundamental to have a better knowledge of the different processes that interfere in the hydraulic dynamics of these structures. The present dissertation aims to use the water balance methodology together with the application of the GoldSim software to assist the planning of small storage dams with respect to water catchment guarantee. Furthermore, to propose a methodological guide for this purpose. To elucidate the proposal, a case study was conducted on the Brejo Grande Dam in Paraisópolis, Minas Gerais. As a result, it was possible to project the behavior of the water level in the structure according to the variation of the withdrawal flow in a planning horizon. Thus, in order not to reach the operational restriction and to maintain the guarantee of water withdrawal during the three years of the simulated period, the flow demand should remain in the range between 100 m³/h and 110 m³/h.
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11
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ELEONÁRA RAMOS REIS
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EVALUATION OF SMALL SUPPLY SYSTEMS WITH FOCUS ON THE QUALITY OF DISTRIBUTED WATER: A CASE STUDY IN THE CITY OF CONCEIÇÃO DAS PEDRAS/MG
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Advisor : MARCIA VIANA LISBOA MARTINS
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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SUELI MOURA BERTOLINO
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MARCIA VIANA LISBOA MARTINS
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MARIA RITA RAIMUNDO E ALMEIDA
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REGINA MAMBELI BARROS
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Data: Aug 29, 2022
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Show Abstract
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In small municipalities, the Water Supply System (WSS) has great challenges, as, in most cases, there is a lack of financial resources and little professional qualification to operate the system. This work aims to evaluate the water supply system of a small municipality, focusing on the quality of the water distributed, and to propose improvements, having as a case study the municipality of Conceição das Pedras/MG. To this end, information was collected through technical data, field visits, SNIS indicators and users' perception. After collection, all information was analyzed to obtain the technical-participative diagnosis of the WSS in question. In the diagnosis, some weaknesses were identified, such as a high rate of per capita consumption, lack of micro and macro measurement and problems in the analysis of water quality. In view of the weaknesses, the proposed improvements to the system involved four programs (Elaboration of the Municipal Basic Sanitation Plan, Water Consumption Reduction, Improvements in Water Quality and Environmental Management) and for each of them short, medium and long term. It is important that programs and actions are implemented to ensure a more efficient and quality WSS.
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12
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THAÍS OLIVEIRA RIBEIRO
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ELABORATION OF A RURAL SANITATION MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR SMALL MUNICIPALITIES
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Advisor : MARCIA VIANA LISBOA MARTINS
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANA AUGUSTA PASSOS REZENDE
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ANA PAULA MONI SILVA
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DANIELA ROCHA TEIXEIRA RIONDET COSTA
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MARCIA VIANA LISBOA MARTINS
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Data: Aug 30, 2022
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Show Abstract
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After more than 30 years of the validity of the Federal Constitution of 1988 and 14 years of Federal Law n° 11.445/2007, basic sanitation has not fed a comfortable situation, with a deficit in several Brazilian regions. In addition, rural sanitation has more worrying numbers than when compared to urban areas, and it is necessary to think of solutions, so that the universalization goals, brought by Plansab and Federal Law No. 14,026/2020, are achieved . Bearing in mind the situation that municipalities face, especially those of small size, regarding sanitation in rural areas, this work aims to elaborate a management model, in order to help municipalities, to implement actions to achieve the universalization of the rural sanitation, observing what is proposed by the National Rural Sanitation Program (PNSR). The work was built based on the PNSR, the existing legal framework in Brazil, the SISAR model and guiding materials from Funasa, MPMG and Senar, the last two for the organization and formalization of rural associations and the researchers' professional experience. The construction of the management model went through the phases of: elaboration of the organizational structure, observing the strengthening and training of community associations and rural residents; Diagnosis; Proposition of actions Ranking of actions; Implementation of actions and Training of communities/residents to manage the systems. The hypothesis of this research was: will the proposed management model help the structuring of rural sanitation actions in the municipalities? For the application, the city of Elói Mendes/MG was used. The proposed management model proved to be relevant and aligned with the PNSR, as well as helping to achieve the goals proposed in Federal Law No. 14,026/2020. The application of the management model proved to be adequate during the application/development of the Municipal Basic Sanitation Plan, allowing the organization of rural sanitation actions.
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13
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ANDRÉ CARLOS DA SILVA
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APPLICATION OF A ENGINEER OF RECORDS (EOR) IN WATER ACCUMULATION DAMS: SAFETY BENEFITS
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Advisor : CARLOS BARREIRA MARTINEZ
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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CRISTIANE COLLET BATTISTON
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ADINELE GOMES GUIMARAES
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CARLOS BARREIRA MARTINEZ
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EDNA MARIA DE FARIA VIANA
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MARCIA VIANA LISBOA MARTINS
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Data: Dec 19, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Modern society depends heavily on the supply of water in abundance and with quality, for which dams are usually built. These constructions normally attract human occupation in their downstream regions. In this way, it is evident that the rupture of these structures puts the lives of local populations at risk, hence the importance of their security. Dam safety strongly depends on the organizational structure, the entrepreneur's philosophy and the technical responsibility of the actors involved. In this sense, this research sought to: present the concept of the Engineer of Record (EoR); its influence on continuous safety improvement; propose a work plan for this professional, applied to water accumulation dams, and; estimate the costs associated with your team. To this end, a survey was carried out of the Brazilian legislation focused on the safety of mining and water accumulation dams. A study was also carried out on the guidelines and safety parameters of dams in an international context, the history and application of EoR and, finally, the condition of water accumulation dams in Brazil. As mining dams have been through recent accidents, the laws and safety methodologies for these are stricter. Thus, in the light of this experience, a list of actions was proposed for the EoR for water accumulation dams, divided into two stages, the first to comply with the National Policy on Dam Safety, and the second for the continuous improvement of safety. of the structure, in addition, an estimate was made, reaching the value of R$ 0.13 per m³ consumed for the implementation of an EoR team.
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